Although offsides are math, handballs are incredibly controversial. But machine learning is getting smarter in foul detection. At the next World Cup, the massive camera networks will be specifically trained to judge fouls. If a tackle goes in, the computer will measure the force and advise the VAR official if it was a red card offense. Furthermore, the biggest nightmare in football—the handball rule— will be analyzed by machines. The algorithm will show the exact angle of the arm based on biomechanical data, providing the human referee with hard, undeniable data before they make their final decision.

• The AI Linesman: Skeletal tracking and a microchip in the ball will eliminate manual VAR lines, providing instant decisions.


• Biomechanical Fouls: Algorithms will measure the exact force and velocity of tackles to determine if they are dangerous.


• The Human Element: AI will not replace the referee on the pitch, but will act as a highly advanced, instantly accessible advisor.